The Singh Sabha Movement was a Sikh movement begun in the early 19th century in reaction to the proselytizing activities of Hindus and Christians.[1] The movement's aims were the revival of the Sikh Gurus' teachings, the production of religious literature in the Punjabi language using the Gurmukhi script, and a campaign to increase literacy.[1]
After the annexation of the Sikh Empire by the British Raj in 1849, Christian missionaries increased proselytizing activities in central Punjab. In 1853, Maharajah Dalip Singh, the last Sikh ruler, was controversially converted to Christianity. Harnam Singh, a Sikh aristocrat from Kapurthala converted soon after the Maharaja.